Version: 8.0.0Date: Tue Jan 28 2025
Category
dkk2
(Danio rerio)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: zgc:171574
Source: ZFIN:ZDB-GENE-080204-14
Biotype: protein coding gene
Symbol: dkk2 (Dre)
Symbol: dkk2
Automated Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2).
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
Dkk2
(Mus musculus)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: Not Available
Source: MGI:1890663
Biotype: protein coding gene
Symbol: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2
Automated Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2).
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
Alleles: Dkk2
Dkk2
(Rattus norvegicus)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: dickkopf homolog 4, Dkk4, dickkopf-related protein 2, dickkopf homolog 2, dickkopf homolog 4 (Xenopus laevis), dickkopf 2 homolog (Xenopus laevis), LOC295445, dickkopf homolog 2 (Xenopus laevis), dickkopf 2 homolog
Source: RGD:1308639
Biotype: protein coding gene
Symbol: Dkk2 (Rno)
Symbol: Dkk2
Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2); PARTICIPATES IN Wnt signaling
Automated Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2).
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
DKK2
(Homo sapiens)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: dickkopf homolog 2, dickkopf-related protein 2, dickkopf related protein-2, DKK-2, hDkk-2, dickkopf-2, dickkopf 2 homolog, dickkopf 2
Source: HGNC:2892
Biotype: protein coding gene
Symbol: DKK2 (Hsa)
Symbol: DKK2
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
dkk2
(Xenopus tropicalis)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2, dkk2, dickkopf2, dkk-2, dickkopf 2
Source: Xenbase:XB-GENE-480441
Biotype: gene
Symbol: dkk2
Symbol: dkk2 (Xtr)
Automated Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2).
Synonyms: dkk2...dkk2...dkk2
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
dkk2.S
(Xenopus laevis)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2, dickkopf2, dkk-2, dkk2.S, dickkopf 2
Source: Xenbase:XB-GENE-17343796
Biotype: gene
Symbol: dkk2.S (Xla)
Automated Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2).
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
Symbol: dkk2.S
dkk2.L
(Xenopus laevis)Gene
Name: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2
Synonyms: dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2, dickkopf2, dkk2.L, dkk-2, dickkopf 2
Source: Xenbase:XB-GENE-865377
Biotype: gene
Symbol: dkk2.L (Xla)
Automated Gene Synopsis: Orthologous to human DKK2 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 2).
Strict Orthology Symbols: dkk2
Symbol: dkk2.L
Dkk2em2Cya
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:7583400
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2em2Cya
Dkk2tm1Lmgd
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:3639316
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2tm1Lmgd
Dkk2em1Smoc
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:7289344
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2em1Smoc
Dkk2em1(IMPC)H
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:6750855
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2em1(IMPC)H
Dkk2tm1Lex
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:5007108
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2tm1Lex
Dkk2em5Gpt
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:7298024
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2em5Gpt
Dkk2tm1Dwu
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:3590649
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2tm1Dwu
Dkk2em1Cya
(Mus musculus)Allele/Variant
Source: MGI:7583399
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Symbol: Dkk2em1Cya
Dkk2tm1Lmgd/Dkk2tm1Lmgd [background:] involves: C57BL/6
(Mus musculus)Model
Id: MGI:3639887
Synonyms: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2/Dkk2 [background:] involves: C57BL/6 (Mmu)
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Alleles: Dkk2
Name: Dkk2/Dkk2 [background:] involves: C57BL/6
Dkk2tm1Dwu/Dkk2tm1Dwu [background:] involves: 129
(Mus musculus)Model
Id: MGI:3608703
Synonyms: Not Available
Symbol: Dkk2/Dkk2 [background:] involves: 129 (Mmu)
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)
Alleles: Dkk2
Name: Dkk2/Dkk2 [background:] involves: 129
kremen1nl10/nl10 + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-14226
Synonyms: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: kremen1 + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0048019
Synonyms:
- receptor ligand activity
Branch: molecular function
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)...Dkk2 (Mmu)...Dkk2 (Rno)...dkk2 (Dre)
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0039706
Synonyms: Not Available
Branch: molecular function
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)...dkk2 (Dre)...Dkk2 (Mmu)...Dkk2 (Rno)
zko974a
(Danio rerio)Allele/Variant
Source: ZFIN:ZDB-ALT-171115-628
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
zf106Tg + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-15693
Synonyms: cldnBGFP, Tg(cldnB:GFP)
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: zf106Tg + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
epcamhi2151Tg; as3Tg + MO1-dkk2
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-28684
Synonyms: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: epcam; as3Tg + MO1-dkk2
kremen1nl10/nl10; zf106Tg + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-5107
Synonyms: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: kremen1; zf106Tg + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
la028178Tg
(Danio rerio)Allele/Variant
Source: ZFIN:ZDB-ALT-130129-2593
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
zf106Tg + MO2-dkk2
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-1169
Synonyms: cldnBGFP, Tg(cldnB:GFP)
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: zf106Tg + MO2-dkk2
WT + MO2-dkk2
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-1062
Synonyms: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: WT + MO2-dkk2
WT + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
(Danio rerio)Model
Id: ZFIN:ZDB-FISH-150901-29218
Synonyms: Not Available
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Name: WT + MO3-dkk2 + MO5-dkk1b
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0048884
Synonyms: Not Available
Branch: biological process
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0030178
Synonyms:
- down regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway
- down regulation of frizzled signaling pathway
Branch: biological process
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)...dkk2 (Dre)...DKK2 (Hsa)...Dkk2 (Rno)
zf424Tg
(Danio rerio)Allele/Variant
Source: ZFIN:ZDB-ALT-131127-23
Genes: Not Available
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: unreported
Molecular Consequence: Not Available
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: Not Available
Construct Expressed Component: dkk2 (Dre)
Source: GO:0090090
Synonyms:
- negative regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
- negative regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
Branch: biological process
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)...dkk2 (Dre)...DKK2 (Hsa)...Dkk2 (Rno)
Next-generation sequencing facilitates quantitative analysis of wild type and Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre tooth mesenchyme transcriptomes
(Mus musculus)HTP Dataset Index
High-Throughput (HTP) Dataset Index metadata provided by MGI
ID: ArrayExpress:E-GEOD-39918, GEO:GSE39918
Tags: WT vs. mutant, anatomical structure, genotype
Summary: Previous studies have suggested that Bmp4 is a key Msx1-dependent mesenchymal odontogenic signal for driving tooth morphogenesis through the bud-to-cap transition. Whereas the bud stage tooth developmental arrest in Msx1-/- mutant mice was accompanied by reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 mRNA expression, we show that depleting functional Bmp4 mRNAs in the tooth mesenchyme, through neural crest-specific gene inactivation in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice, caused mandibular molar developmental arrest at the bud stage but allowed maxillary molars and incisors to develop to mineralized teeth. We show that the Wnt inhibitors Dkk2 and Wif1 were much more abundantly expressed in the mandibular than maxillary molar mesenchyme in wildtype embryos and that Dkk2 expression was significantly unregulated in the tooth mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. In addition, expression of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger protein that antagonizes Msx1-mediated activation of odontogenic mesenchyme, is significantly upregulated in the molar mesenchyme in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre embryos. Msx1 heterozygosity enhanced maxillary molar developmental defects whereas Osr2 heterozygosity rescued mandibular first molar morphogenesis in Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre mice. Moreover, in contrast to complete lack of supernumerary tooth initiation in Msx1-/-Osr2-/- mutant mice, Osr2-/-Bmp4f/f;Wnt1Cre compound mutant mice exhibit formation and subsequent arrest of supernumerary tooth germs that correlated with down regulation of Msx1 expression in the tooth mesenchyme. Taken together, our data indicate that, while reduction in mesenchymal Bmp4 expression alone could not account for the tooth bud arrest phenotype in Msx1-/- mutant mice, Bmp4 signaling synergizes with Msx1 and antagonizes Osr2 to activate mesenchymal odontogenic activity to drive tooth morphogenesis and sequential tooth formation. E13.5 mouse embryos tooth germs were microdissected by laser capture microdissection (LCM), and the mandibular molar and maxillary molar were separated. 3 pairs of control and mutant samples were pooled for the RNA extraction.
Source: GO:0090263
Synonyms:
- positive regulation of Wnt receptor signaling pathway through beta-catenin
- positive regulation of canonical Wnt receptor signaling pathway
Branch: biological process
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)...DKK2 (Hsa)...Dkk2 (Rno)
Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Wild Type and Msx1-/- tooth mesenchyme Transcriptomes
(Mus musculus)HTP Dataset Index
High-Throughput (HTP) Dataset Index metadata provided by MGI
ID: ArrayExpress:GSE80288
Tags: WT vs. mutant, anatomical structure, genotype
Summary: Mutations in MSX1 cause craniofacial developmental defects, including tooth agenesis, in humans and mice. Previous studies suggest that Msx1 activates Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme to drive early tooth organogenesis. Whereas Msx1-/- mice exhibit developmental arrest of all tooth germs at the bud stage, however, mice with neural crest-specific inactivation of Bmp4 (Bmp4ncko/ncko), which lack Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme, showed developmental arrest of only mandibular molars. We recently demonstrated that deletion of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient in the developing tooth bud mesenchyme, rescued molar tooth morphogenesis in both Msx1-/- and Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. In this study, through RNA-seq analyses of the developing tooth mesenchyme in mutant and wildtype embryos, we found that Msx1 and Osr2 have opposite effects on expression of several secreted Wnt antagonists in the tooth bud mesenchyme. Remarkably, both Dkk2 and Sfrp2 exhibit Osr2-dependent preferential expression on the lingual side of the tooth bud mesenchyme and expression of both genes was up-regulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Msx1-/- and Bmp4ncko/ncko mutant embryos. We show that pharmacological activation of canonical Wnt signaling by either lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment or by inhibition of Dkk in utero was sufficient to rescue mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. Furthermore, whereas inhibition of Dkk alone was insufficient to rescue tooth morphogenesis in Msx1-/-mice, pharmacological inhibition of Dkk in combination with genetic inactivation of Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 rescued maxillary molar morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway drives tooth organogenesis by activating Wnt signaling via regulation of the secreted Wnt antagonists. E14 mouse embryos tooth germs were micro-dissceted by LCM, mandibular molar and maxillary molar were seperated, 3 pairs of control and mutant samples were pooled for the RNA extraction
Next Generation Sequencing Facilitates Quantitative Analysis of Wild Type and Osr2-/- Tooth Mesenchyme Transcriptomes
(Mus musculus)HTP Dataset Index
High-Throughput (HTP) Dataset Index metadata provided by MGI
ID: ArrayExpress:GSE81282
Tags: WT vs. mutant, genotype
Summary: Mutations in MSX1 cause craniofacial developmental defects, including tooth agenesis, in humans and mice. Previous studies suggest that Msx1 activates Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme to drive early tooth organogenesis. Whereas Msx1-/- mice exhibit developmental arrest of all tooth germs at the bud stage, however, mice with neural crest-specific inactivation of Bmp4 (Bmp4ncko/ncko), which lack Bmp4 expression in the developing tooth mesenchyme, showed developmental arrest of only mandibular molars. We recently demonstrated that deletion of Osr2, which encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in a lingual-to-buccal gradient in the developing tooth bud mesenchyme, rescued molar tooth morphogenesis in both Msx1-/-and Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. In this study, through RNA-seq analyses of the developing tooth mesenchyme in mutant and wildtype embryos, we found that Msx1 and Osr2 have opposite effects on expression of several secreted Wnt antagonists in the tooth bud mesenchyme. Remarkably, both Dkk2 and Sfrp2 exhibit Osr2-dependent preferential expression on the lingual side of the tooth bud mesenchyme and expression of both genes was up-regulated and expanded into the tooth bud mesenchyme in Msx1-/- and Bmp4ncko/ncko mutant embryos. We show that pharmacological activation of canonical Wnt signaling by either lithium chloride (LiCl) treatment or by inhibition of Dkk in utero was sufficient to rescue mandibular molar tooth morphogenesis in Bmp4ncko/ncko mice. Furthermore, whereas inhibition of Dkk alone was insufficient to rescue tooth morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice, pharmacological inhibition of Dkk in combination with genetic inactivation of Sfrp2 and Sfrp3 rescued maxillary molar morphogenesis in Msx1-/- mice. Together, these data reveal a novel mechanism that the Bmp4-Msx1 pathway drives tooth organogenesis by activating Wnt signaling via regulation of the secreted Wnt antagonists. E14.5 mouse embryos tooth germs were micro-dissected by LCM, mandibular molar and maxillary molar were separated, 3 pairs of control and mutant samples were pooled for the RNA extraction. Osr2+/- lower molar and Osr2-/- lower molar.
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0016055
Synonyms:
- Wg signaling pathway
- Wg signalling pathway
Branch: biological process
Genes: Dkk2 (Mmu)...Dkk2 (Rno)...DKK2 (Hsa)
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0001889
Synonyms: Not Available
Branch: biological process
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0005615
Synonyms:
- intercellular space
Branch: cellular component
Genes: dkk2 (Dre)...Dkk2 (Rno)...DKK2 (Hsa)...Dkk2 (Mmu)
Gene Ontology
Source: GO:0005515
Synonyms:
- glycoprotein binding
- protein amino acid binding
Branch: molecular function
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
(GRCh38)4:106924560T>A
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs374743911
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106924560T>A
(GRCh38)4:106925949C>T
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs201073614
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: splice_region_variant, missense_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106925949C>T
(GRCh38)4:107035572C>T
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs147012957
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant, intron_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:107035572C>T
(GRCh38)4:106925861C>T
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs541386879
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106925861C>T
(GRCh38)4:106925880A>G
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs769686573
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, 5_prime_UTR_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106925880A>G
(GRCh38)4:106924601T>C
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs1348128917
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106924601T>C
(GRCh38)4:106923995A>T
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs1282726784
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106923995A>T
(GRCh38)4:106924082G>A
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs753265155
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106924082G>A
(GRCh38)4:107046609A>G
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs207464938
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: intron_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:107046609A>G
(GRCh38)4:106924168C>G
(Homo sapiens)Allele/Variant
Source: rs772632334
Genes: DKK2 (Hsa)
Synonyms: Not Available
Variant Type: SNP
Molecular Consequence: missense_variant, non_coding_transcript_exon_variant
Diseases: Not Available
Variant Name: (GRCh38)4:106924168C>G