Enables mRNA regulatory element binding translation repressor activity; sequence-specific mRNA binding activity; and thymidylate synthase activity. Involved in several processes, including dTMP biosynthetic process; negative regulation of translation; and tetrahydrofolate interconversion. Located in mitochondrial inner membrane; mitochondrial matrix; and nucleus. Implicated in several diseases, including abdominal aortic aneurysm; digenic dyskeratosis congenita; gastrointestinal system cancer (multiple); hematologic cancer (multiple); and rheumatoid arthritis.
RGD Description
Thymidylate synthase catalyzes the methylation of deoxyuridylate to deoxythymidylate using, 10-methylenetetrahydrofolate (methylene-THF) as a cofactor. This function maintains the dTMP (thymidine-5-prime monophosphate) pool critical for DNA replication and repair. The enzyme has been of interest as a target for cancer chemotherapeutic agents. It is considered to be the primary site of action for 5-fluorouracil, 5-fluoro-2-prime-deoxyuridine, and some folate analogs. Expression of this gene and that of a naturally occurring antisense transcript, mitochondrial enolase superfamily member 1 (GeneID:55556), vary inversely when cell-growth progresses from late-log to plateau phase. Polymorphisms in this gene may be associated with etiology of neoplasia, including breast cancer, and response to chemotherapy. [provided by RefSeq, Aug 2017]