Gene

GHRL

Species
Homo sapiens
Symbol
GHRL
Name
ghrelin and obestatin prepropeptide
Synonyms
  • appetite-regulating hormone
  • ghrelin precursor
Biotype
protein coding gene
Automated Description
Enables protein tyrosine kinase activator activity. Involved in several processes, including negative regulation of cytokine production; positive regulation of hormone secretion; and regulation of circadian sleep/wake cycle, sleep. Acts upstream of or within dendrite development and positive regulation of synapse assembly. Located in axon and extracellular space. Implicated in diabetic neuropathy; esophagus adenocarcinoma; morbid obesity; obesity; and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomarker of Prader-Willi syndrome; cardiovascular system disease; and end stage renal disease.
RGD Description
This gene encodes the ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein that is cleaved to yield two peptides, ghrelin and obestatin. Ghrelin is a powerful appetite stimulant and plays an important role in energy homeostasis. Its secretion is initiated when the stomach is empty, whereupon it binds to the growth hormone secretagogue receptor in the hypothalamus which results in the secretion of growth hormone (somatotropin). Ghrelin is thought to regulate multiple activities, including hunger, reward perception via the mesolimbic pathway, gastric acid secretion, gastrointestinal motility, and pancreatic glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. It was initially proposed that obestatin plays an opposing role to ghrelin by promoting satiety and thus decreasing food intake, but this action is still debated. Recent reports suggest multiple metabolic roles for obestatin, including regulating adipocyte function and glucose metabolism. Alternative splicing results in multiple transcript variants. In addition, antisense transcripts for this gene have been identified and may potentially regulate ghrelin-obestatin preproprotein expression. [provided by RefSeq, Nov 2014]
Cross References
Additional Information
Literature

Orthology

Gene tree
PANTHER:PTHR14122
Stringency:
Additional filters to further constrain the results:
Species Gene symbol Count Best Best reverse
Method
Ensembl ComparaHGNCHieranoidInParanoidOMAOrthoFinderOrthoInspectorPANTHERPhylomeDBSonicParanoidXenbaseZFIN
Mus musculusGhrl10 of 10YesYes  
Rattus norvegicusGhrl10 of 10YesYes  
Danio rerioghrl3 of 10YesYes  
Links to orthology data in JBrowse by filter level: Stringent,  Moderate,  No filter,  Best and Best Reverse

Paralogy

No paralogs for the gene.

Function - GO Annotations

No function available for that gene

Pathways

No data available

Phenotypes

Primary Sources
None
Other Sources
Phenotype Term
Annotation details
References
Autosomal dominant inheritance
Autosomal recessive inheritance
Decreased resting energy expenditure
Increased waist to hip ratio
Obesity
Polygenic inheritance
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Disease Associations

Cases where the expected disease association was NOT found
Must provide at least one subject
Cell color indicative of annotation volume

Alleles and Variants

Genome location
Assembly version
GRCh38
Viewer Help
10.286M10.287M10.288M10.289M10.290M10.291M10.292M
Allele/Variant Symbol
Allele Synonyms
Category
Variant
Variant type
Molecular consequence
Has Disease Annotations
Has Phenotype Annotations
NC_000003.12:g.10289820C>Avariant
SNP
  • missense variant
NC_000003.12:g.10286799A>Gvariant
SNP
  • missense variant
NC_000003.12:g.10289785C>Avariant
SNP
  • missense variant
NC_000003.12:g.10289914C>Tvariant
SNP
  • intron variant
NC_000003.12:g.10286773C>Tvariant
SNP
  • missense variant
NC_000003.12:g.10286566A>Cvariant
SNP
  • intron variant
NC_000003.12:g.10290098A>Gvariant
SNP
  • missense variant
NC_000003.12:g.10287125T>Cvariant
SNP
  • intron variant
NC_000003.12:g.10287098G>Avariant
SNP
  • intron variant
NC_000003.12:g.10289760A>Cvariant
SNP
  • splice donor variant
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Transgenic Alleles

Species
(carrying the transgene)
Allele symbol
Transgenic construct
Expressed components
Knock-down targets
Regulatory regions
Has Disease Annotations
Has Phenotype Annotations
Mus musculusTg(APOE-GHRL)1Jagu
Drosophila melanogasterHsap\GHRLUAS.Tag:HA
  • UASt
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Models

No data available

Sequence Details

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Expression

Primary Sources
None
Other Sources
Must provide at least one subject
Cell color indicative of annotation volume; red slash indicates species lacks structure or developmental stage.

Molecular Interactions

18 interactor genes based on 23 annotations
GHRL molecule type
Interactor gene
Interactor species
Interactor molecule type
Detection methods
Source
Reference
protein
ACE2Homo sapiens
protein
  • protease assay
PMID:11815627
protein
BRK1Homo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
DNAJC19Homo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
FARSBHomo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
GNPATHomo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
GPD2Homo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
HSPA5Homo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
MLNRHomo sapiens
protein
  • pull down
PMID:12606621
protein
NECAP2Homo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:33961781
protein
PTGER3Homo sapiens
protein
  • affinity chromatography technology
PMID:18573679
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Genetic Interactions

No data available